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http://www.organicgardening.com/learn-and-grow/how-grow-peanuts
How to Grow Peanuts
Plant peanuts in the sunniest patches of your garden for an extra no-hassle veggie.
Contrary to popular belief, the peanut is not a nut; it is actually a vegetable belonging to the legume family, which includes peas and beans. These tropical natives of South America require about 120 days to mature, but fortunately they can withstand light spring and fall frosts. ‘Jumbo Virginia’ is a productive variety for home gardens. Although peanuts are generally considered a Southern crop, Northern gardeners can also grow them successfully if they choose early cultivars such as ‘Early Spanish’ and start plants indoors.
Planting
Peanuts need full sun. If you have heavy soil, ensure good drainage by working in enough organic matter to make it loose and friable.
Peanuts need full sun. If you have heavy soil, ensure good drainage by working in enough organic matter to make it loose and friable.
Peanut seeds come in their shells and can be planted hulled or unhulled. If you do shell them, don’t remove the thin, pinkish brown seed coverings, or the seed won’t germinate.
Northern growers should start plants indoors in large peat pots a month before the last frost. Sow seeds 1 inch deep, place in the sunniest spot possible, and water weekly. Transplant seedlings to the garden when the soil warms to between 60° and 70°F. Space transplants 10 inches apart, being careful not to damage or bury the crown.
In the South, plant outdoors around the date of the last expected frost. Space seeds 2 inches deep and 5 inches apart in rows 2 to 3 feet apart. Firm the soil and water well. Thin plants to 10 inches apart.
Growing guidelines
When the plants are about 1 foot tall, hill the earth around the base of each plant. Long, pointed pegs (also called peduncles) grow from faded flowers and then push 1 to 3 inches down into the soil beside the plant. A peanut will form on the end of each peg. Lay down a light mulch, such as straw or grass clippings, to prevent the soil surface from crusting so that the pegs will have no difficulty penetrating the soil.
When the plants are about 1 foot tall, hill the earth around the base of each plant. Long, pointed pegs (also called peduncles) grow from faded flowers and then push 1 to 3 inches down into the soil beside the plant. A peanut will form on the end of each peg. Lay down a light mulch, such as straw or grass clippings, to prevent the soil surface from crusting so that the pegs will have no difficulty penetrating the soil.
One inch of water a week is plenty for peanuts. Being legumes, peanuts supply their own nitrogen, so avoid nitrogen-rich fertilizers, which encourage foliage rather than fruits. Well-prepared soil will provide all the nutrients the plants need.
Problems
Peanuts are usually problem free.
Peanuts are usually problem free.
Harvesting
The crop is ready to harvest when leaves turn yellow and the peanuts’ inner shells have gold-marked veins, which you can check periodically by pulling out a few nuts from the soil and shelling them. If you wait too long, the pegs will become brittle, and the pods will break off in the ground, making harvesting more difficult. Pull or dig the plants and roots when the soil is moist. Shake off the excess soil, and let plants dry in an airy place until the leaves become crumbly; then remove the pods. Unshelled peanuts, stored in airtight containers, can keep for up to a year.
The crop is ready to harvest when leaves turn yellow and the peanuts’ inner shells have gold-marked veins, which you can check periodically by pulling out a few nuts from the soil and shelling them. If you wait too long, the pegs will become brittle, and the pods will break off in the ground, making harvesting more difficult. Pull or dig the plants and roots when the soil is moist. Shake off the excess soil, and let plants dry in an airy place until the leaves become crumbly; then remove the pods. Unshelled peanuts, stored in airtight containers, can keep for up to a year.
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